What are Diisocyanates?
Diisocyanates are a group of chemical substances mainly used in the production of polyurethane, a common material found in foam, insulation, paint, adhesives and various types of coatings. These substances are characterised by containing two isocyanate groups, which makes them highly reactive and suitable for plastic production. This reactivity contributes to the properties of polyurethane, such as strength, flexibility and good insulating ability, which in turn has made the material important in many industrial sectors – for example construction, automotive manufacturing and furniture production. Polyurethane is also found in everything from mattresses to packaging materials, as well as in protective coatings used on floors, façades and industrial surfaces.
At the same time, diisocyanates are associated with clear health risks. Exposure may cause irritation of the respiratory tract and skin, and since these substances are allergenic, even very small amounts can lead to problems such as allergic asthma or long-term respiratory issues. Inhaling vapours or aerosols is the most common route of exposure, but skin contact can also contribute to allergy development. Several of the risks may occur only after repeated low-level exposure, which means that a person can be affected without initially noticing clear symptoms. Therefore, proper ventilation, work procedures and protective equipment are always recommended when these substances are used. For many workplaces this also means identifying where diisocyanates may occur and how employees may be exposed during different work operations.
Regulations and training requirements
Since August 2023, stricter rules apply within the EU (Regulation 2020/1149), which mean that anyone professionally handling products containing diisocyanates must complete approved training. The requirements also apply when diisocyanates are bound in a product, if there is a risk that the substance may be released, for example during spraying, heating or other processing. Products containing more than 0.1 percent free diisocyanates must also be labelled with a specific warning text.
The purpose is to minimise harm and ensure that anyone working with these substances knows how to handle them safely. The level of training may vary depending on how the substances are used – from basic handling principles to advanced procedures for particularly high-risk situations. In practice, this means that the employer is responsible for ensuring that training is completed before work begins. It also means that documentation and follow-up become an important part of occupational health and safety work, both to meet legal requirements and to prevent future health problems among employees.
Learn more:
Do you have any questions? We are here!
Our EHS consultants offer expert guidance in all aspects of chemical management — from risk assessment and substitution to compliance with REACH and other regulations. We also provide training to strengthen your knowledge in safety, legislation, and chemical handling.
Do you have any questions? Don’t hesitate to contact us by clicking the button below or emailing us directly at consulting@intersolia.com.
